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Thursday, May 10, 2012

green technology


GREEN TECHNOLOGY

ABSTRACT

     The goal of the "Green Building" project is to reduce the impact of construction on the environment. By doing this Intel joins the world's efforts in sustainable construction. The Green Building project differs from conventional building projects by assigning equal priorities to economical, social, and environmental goals. The new Intel R&D building, located in Haifa, Israel, is designed per the Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED*) rating system. These were the objectives of the design process:
·         To achieve energy and water savings.
·         To incorporate environmental friendly materials into the building.
·         To implement waste and recycling policies.
·         To provide a high-quality internal environment.
·         To position and plan the site to reduce the impact on the environment.

     The new Intel R&D building is now under construction and is undergoing a certification process. Once awarded, it will become Intel's first certified Green Building worldwide!
This project was initiated to address the need for a "smart" building. The Green Building concept was found to be the most suitable for this purpose, particularly for an R&D building. Research shows that such a building improves tenants' satisfaction and health, enabling higher employee productivity; and it reduces energy and maintenance costs for the owners. The estimated ROI due to operational costs is approximately five years.

    In this paper we show the innovation, logic, drivers, and triggers that helped us overcome significant challenges in dealing with an inexperienced local building industry, and in driving innovation in a large organization. Our engagement with the local construction industry adds a new dimension to the concept of Intel social responsibility. Our key message is that it is possible to execute a local and innovative initiative successfully, even in global corporations, once the initiative supports the corporate values.

     The Global climate change argument pales in comparison to the consequences the world faces, if realistic solutions are not found to address the world energy crisis. Green Technology encompasses a continuously evolving group of methods, materials and techniques for generating energy and non-toxic products. The present expectation is that this field will bring innovations and changes in daily life, of similar magnitude, to the information technology predominance over the last two decades. Protection of the environment is needed from various human activities. Waste, pollution, loss of biodiversity, introduction of invasive species, release of genetically modified organisms and toxics are some of the issues relating to environmental protection. Environmental technology is the application of environmental science and green chemistry to conserve the natural environment and resources, and to curb the negative impacts of human involvement. Sustainable development is the core of environmental technologies.


INTRODUCTION

     Environmental technology (abbreviated as envirotech) or green technology (abbreviated as greentech) or clean technology (abbreviated as cleantech) is the application of one or more of environmental science, green chemistry, environmental monitoring and electronic devices to monitor, model and conserve the natural environment and resources, and to curb the negative impacts of human involvement. The term is also used to describe sustainable energy generation technologies such as Photovoltaics, Wind Turbine's, Bioreactors, etc. Sustainable development is the core of environmental technologies. The term environmental technologies is also used to describe a class of electronic devices that can promote sustainable management of resources.

     Basically, green technology is that in which the technology is environmentally friendly and is created and used in a way that conserves natural resources and the environment. Green technology is a field of new, innovative ways to make changes in daily life. Currently, this Clean Technology is in the beginning stages of its development, so the future will only bring bigger and better things for this field.

DEFINITION

     Green technology is the future of this society. It's main goal is to find ways to produce technology in ways that do not damage or deplete the Earth's natural resources.
In addition to not depleting natural resources, green technology is meant as an alternative source of technology that reduces fossile fuels and demonstrates less damage to human, animal, and plant health, as well as damage to the world, in general.

     Next, green technology is so that products can be re- used and recycled.
The use of green technology (clean technology) is supposed to reduce the amount of waste and pollution that is created during production and consumption.

TYPES OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY

·         Energy: The most important and urgent concern and want for green technology is for energy purposes. We need better, more efficient was to produce energy without burning all the world's coal and using all the world's fossil fuels and natural resources.
·         Building: Basically, speaking, green building is an innovative way to build buildings and houses so to use the tools and materials most efficiently towards the environment.
·         Preferred purchasing: Green preferred purchasing is a new way to find products and methods of production that have the smallest impact on the environment. This searching and researching yields products that are deemed to be the environmentally preferred purchases.
·         Chemistry: Green chemistry is the application of chemical products that eliminate harm to the environment.

RENEWABLE ENERGY

     Renewable energy is energy that can be replenished easily. For years we have been using sources like wood, sun, water, etc. for means for producing energy. Energy that can be produced by natural objects like wood, sun, wind, etc. is considered to be renewable.

     Renewable energy is energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally replenished). About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from renewables, with 10% coming from traditional biomass, which is mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from hydroelectricity. New renewables (small hydro, modern biomass, wind, solar, geothermal, and biofuels) accounted for another 3% and are growing very rapidly. The share of renewables in electricity generation is around 19%, with 16% of global electricity coming from hydroelectricity and 3% from new renewables.

     Wind power is growing at the rate of 30% annually, with a worldwide installed capacity of 238,000 megawatts (MW) at the end of 2011, and is widely used in Europe, Asia, and the United States. At the end of 2011 the photovoltaic (PV) capacity worldwide was 67,000 MW, and PV power stations are popular in Germany and Italy. Solar thermal power stations operate in the USA and Spain, and the largest of these is the 354 MW SEGS power plant in the Mojave Desert. The world's largest geothermal power installation is the Geysers in California, with a rated capacity of 750 MW. Brazil has one of the largest renewable energy programs in the world, involving production of ethanol fuel from sugarcane, and ethanol now provides 18% of the country's automotive fuel. Ethanol fuel is also widely available in the USA

WATER PURIFICATION

     Water purification: The whole idea/concept of having dirt/germ/pollution free water flowing throughout the environment. Many other phenomena lead from this concept of purification of water. Water pollution is the main enemy of this concept, and various campaigns and activists have been organized around the world to help purify water. Considering the amount of water usage that is under current consumptions, this Concept is of utter Importance.

     Water purification is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water. The goal is to produce water fit for a specific purpose. Most water is purified for human consumption (drinking water) but water purification may also be designed for a variety of other purposes, including meeting the requirements of medical, pharmacology, chemical and industrial applications. In general the methods used include physical processes such as filtration, sedimentation, and distillation, biological processes such as slow sand filters or activated sludge, chemical processes such as flocculation and chlorination and the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light.
     The purification process of water may reduce the concentration of particulate matter including suspended particles, parasites, bacteria, algae, viruses, fungi; and a range of dissolved and particulate material derived from the surfaces that water may have made contact with after falling as rain..

     It is not possible to tell whether water is of an appropriate quality by visual examination. Simple procedures such as boiling or the use of a household activated carbon filter are not sufficient for treating all the possible contaminants that may be present in water from an unknown source. Even natural spring water – considered safe for all practical purposes in the 19th century – must now be tested before determining what kind of treatment, if any, is needed. Chemical analysis, while expensive, is the only way to obtain the information necessary for deciding on the appropriate method of purification

SEWAGE TREATMENT

     Sewage treatment is conceptually similar to water purification. Sewage treatments are very important as they purify water per levels of its pollution. The more polluted water is not used for anything, and the least polluted water is supplied to places where water is used affluently. It may lead to various other concepts of environmental protection, sustainability etc.

     Sewage treatment, or domestic wastewater treatment, is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage, both runoff (effluents) and domestic. It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce an environmentally-safe fluid waste stream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste (or treated sludge) suitable for disposal or reuse (usually as farm fertilizer). Using advanced technology it is now possible to re-use sewage effluent for drinking water, although Singapore is the only country to implement such technology on a production scale in its production of NE Water.

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT


     Solid waste management is the purification, consumption, reuse, disposal and treatment of solid waste that undertaken by the milk government or the ruling bodies of a city/town. Waste management is the collection, transport, processing or disposal, managing and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics. Waste management is a distinct practice from resource recovery which focuses on delaying the rate of consumption of natural resources..

     Waste management practices differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial producers. Management for non-hazardous waste residential and institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually the responsibility of local government authorities, while management for non-hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator.




ENERGY CONSERVATION

     Energy conservation is the utilization of devices that require smaller amounts of energy in order to reduce the consumption of electricity. Reducing the use of electricity causes less fossil fuels to be burned to provide that electricity.

     Energy conservation refers to efforts made to reduce energy consumption. Energy conservation can be achieved through increased efficient energy use, in conjunction with decreased energy consumption and/or reduced consumption from conventional energy sources. An energy conservation act was passed in 2001.

     Energy conservation can result in increased financial capital, environmental quality, national security, personal security, and human comfort. Individuals and organizations that are direct consumers of energy choose to conserve energy to reduce energy costs and promote economic security. Industrial and commercial users can increase energy use efficiency to maximize profit.

CONCLUSION

     Information technology has become necessity to human development but we shouldn’t forget the needs of human existence provided by our natural environment. For real successful development of mankind we need to integrate manmade technologies with nature in a way that neither harms the other. According to a study, although 83% companies realize the global warming problem, still, 80% are not willing to make significant changes for the environment. But positive actions by technology giants like Intel and Microsoft in preservation of energy by developing new, more efficient technologies and the spread of awareness for environmental issues would help. IT manufacturers are designing products that are not only good for the environment but also more affordable, if not cheaper than current technology. From contribution of IT industry and awareness spread by environmentalist, including celebrities and political leaders, hopefully green technology will be the only technology used in the near future.

REFERENCE

www.green-technology.org/what.htm

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